This book is part of ASA's Airman Certification Standards Series. The "Airman Certification Standards (ACS)" is the guide for aviation students, instructors, and FAA-designated examiners to know what pilot and aviation mechanic license applicants must know, must perform, and consider in preparing for their FAA Knowledge Exam and practical (checkride) to earn their certificate or rating. The ACS adds task-specific knowledge and risk management elements to each subject area; the result is a comprehensive presentation that integrates the requirements for knowledge and skill in both the FAA knowledge and practical tests, into one overall FAA standard.