Biodiversity is defined as the variety of flora and fauna that is present on the Earth. The distribution of distinct species is more in the tropical regions as compared to the polar regions. Conservation of species is primarily carried out through national parks, wildlife sanctuaries, zoological parks, forest reserves, etc. Biodiversity hotspots are areas that contain a large variety of flora and fauna and have been earmarked for conservation. Such selected concepts that redefine biodiversity have been presented in this book. This book, with its detailed analyses and data, will prove immensely beneficial to professionals and students involved in this area at various levels.