The concern for female reproductive health is in the priority list of many global organizations including the World Health Organization (WHO). Maintenance of sound reproductive health in women has always remained a challenge. One of such problems is the monitoring of cervical cancer, its prevention and control. Every year millions of women die from cervical cancer worldwide. Another prime health problem faced by women all over the world is breast cancer. The treatment for breast tumors includes medications which may result in complex hormonal alterations, because of interactions of such compounds with ERα, ERβ and other receptors including TGFBR in the uterus. Tamoxifen(TAM), widely used for ER-positive breast cancer treatment, can cause endometrial cancer in few cases. However, the net benefit of TAM greatly outweighs the risk with a disease-free survival in majority of the patients. In this book,the pattern of how tamoxifen modulates various endometrial proteins in the rat uterus is illustrated. This study led to unveiling of some new findings associated with TAM usage and suggesting remedies to use TAM with minimal side effects, whenever use of TAM is inevitable.