At the opening of the twentieth century, Jewish farming communities were firmly established in southern New Jersey, stretching from the Alliance colony, six miles northwest of Vineland, to Woodbine, sixteen miles west of Ocean City. Eastern European Jews, escaping Russian pogroms of the 1880s and 1890s, founded Alliance, Rosenhayn, Carmel and Woodbine, along with other smaller, evanescent communities. This republication of a 1901 report prepared by the Bureau of Statistics of New Jersey briely describes the founding, development, and contemporary condition of each colony.